مُضَعَّف
root: ض-ع-ف / passive participle of form II / definition: doubled, geminate
As we saw in the post Arabic Roots: the Different Types, geminate roots are those whose final two letters are the same. Like م-س-س or ح-ر-ر.
When it comes to the form I active participle of geminate roots then, we might expect its pattern to be the same as that of regular, sound roots (i.e. فاعِل)—hence we might expect حارِر as an active participle. But that’s not the case.
Instead, the pattern of form I active participles of geminate roots (which are represented by the letters ف-ع-ع) is فاعّ.
So the form I active participle of the root ح-ر-ر is حارّ (“hot”).
Here are some more common examples:
عامّ
general, public
خاصّ
special, particular, private
ماسّ
urgent, pressing
حاجّ
pilgrim
ضالّ
astray, misguided
جافّ
dry
هامّ
important
مادّ
stretching, extending
تامّ
complete
سامّ
poisonous, toxic
دالّ
meaningful, signifying
ضارّ
harmful
And if you’re a nerd like me when it comes to the verb forms, don’t forget to check out these verb tables:
- triliteral (3-letter root) verb forms I-X
- triliteral verb forms XI-XV
- quadriliteral (4-letter root) verb forms
…as well as all of the other grammar posts on this blog—there’s lots!
!إلى اللقاء
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